Ah, that&#x27;s a great question, and the answer is in the JEP (<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;openjdk.org&#x2F;jeps&#x2F;500#Mutating-final-fields-from-native-code" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;openjdk.org&#x2F;jeps&#x2F;500#Mutating-final-fields-from-nati...</a>).When running with -Xcheck:jni, you&#x27;ll get a warning when trying to mutate a final field with JNI.Now, enabling this check by default without harming JNI performance proved to be too much of an effort. However, mutating final fields with JNI even today can already lead to undefined behaviour, including horrible miscompilation, where different Java methods can read different values of the field, for final fields that the JVM already trusts to be immutable, such as static finals, record components, or a few other cases (indeed, there are non-final fields that the JVM trusts to be assigned only once, and mutating those with JNI is also undefined behaviour). As the compiler starts trusting more final fields after this change, mutating almost all final fields will lead to undefined behaviour. Then again, using JNI can lead to undefined behaviour in many ways.So to make sure your JNI code isn&#x27;t mutating finals, test with -Xcheck:jni (as of JDK 26).

Where does the &quot;final means final&quot; effort fit in? Can the JVM prevent modification of final fields via JNI, or is --enable-native-access also going to require (or imply) the flag which enables setAccessible() and friends?

Tangential:The --enable-native-access option mentioned in the article is part of a large effort we call &quot;Integrity by Default&quot;[1]. The idea is that a library module can violate invariants established by another module (e.g. access to private fields and methods, mutation of final fields etc.) requires approval by the application, so that a library will not be able to have a global effect on the application without its knowledge, and the correctness of each module could be verfied in isolation.Now, --enable-native-access is also required to use JNI, but JNI can violate the integrity of Java invariants in a much more extensive way than FFM can. For example, JNI gives native code access to private fields of classes in arbitrary modules, while FFM does not. The only invariant FFM can break is freedom from undefined behaviour in the C sense. This is dangerous, but not nearly as dangerous as what JNI can do.For the time being, we decided to enable both FFM and JNI with the same flag, but, given how more dangerous JNI is, in the future we may introduce a more fine-grained flag that would allow the use of FFM but not of JNI.[1]: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;openjdk.org&#x2F;jeps&#x2F;8305968" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;openjdk.org&#x2F;jeps&#x2F;8305968</a>

Between you and me, are a bunch of other hops. Blindly trusting dependencies is one part of why npm is burning down at the moment.Why trust un-signatured files hosted on a single source of truth? It isn&#x27;t the 90s anymore.

&gt; I’m always a bit shocked how seriously people take concerns over the install script for a binary executable they’re already intending to trust.The issue is provenance. Where is the script getting the binary from? Who built that binary? How do we know that binary wasn&#x27;t tampered with? I&#x27;ll lay odds the install script isn&#x27;t doing any kind of GPG&#x2F;PGP signature check. It&#x27;s probably not even doing a checksum check.I&#x27;m prepared to trust an executable built by certain organisations and persons, provided I can trace a chain of trust from what I get back to them.

I’m always a bit shocked how seriously people take concerns over the install script for a binary executable they’re already intending to trust.

I think there&#x27;s a fundamental psychological reason for this - people want to feel like some ritual has been performed that makes at least some level of superficial sense, after which they don&#x27;t have to worry.You see this in all the obvious examples of physical
security.In the case of software it&#x27;s the installation that&#x27;s the ritual I guess. Complete trust must be conferred in the software itself by definition, so people just feel better knowing for near certain that the software installed is indeed &#x27;the software itself&#x27;.

The thing that gets installed, if it is an executable, usually also has permissions to do scary things. Why is the installation process so scrutinized?

I&#x27;m so thankful for nixos for making it hard for me to give in to that temptation. you always think &quot;oh just this once&quot;. but with nixos I either have to do it right or not bother.

Even assuming it’s not malicious, the script can mess up your environment configuration.

For a small flight of fancy, imagine if each program had a --for-docs argument, which causes it to simply spit out the canonical long-form version equivalent to whatever else it has been called with.

agreed. i get if you&#x27;re great at cli usage or have your own scripts, but if you&#x27;re publishing for general use, it should be long form. that includes even utility scripts for a small team.also, putting it out long-form you might catch some things you do out of habit, rather than what&#x27;s necessary for the job.

Absolutely agree.The shorthands are for when typing it at a console and the long form versions should be used in scripts.

Equally I don&#x27;t like how many instructions and scripts everywhere use shorthands.Sometimes you see curl -sSLfO. Please, use the long form. It makes life easier for everybody. It makes it easier to verify, and to look up. Finding --silent in curl&#x27;s docs is easier than reading through every occurrence of -s.<pre><code> curl --silent --show-error --location --fail --remote name https:&#x2F;&#x2F;example.com&#x2F;script.sh
</code></pre>
Obligatory xkcd: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;xkcd.com&#x2F;1168&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;xkcd.com&#x2F;1168&#x2F;</a>

Trusting software would be foolish. Most software has access to file system and the net. Due to practical reasons, I have no energy or time to verify whether the next update of libsecure came with a trojan or stole my env, neither do you. I just acknowledge this fact, take a risk and install it.

If you don&#x27;t trust the software, don&#x27;t install it.

I&#x27;m always a bit shocked how casual people people wget and execute shell scripts as part of their install process.This is the equivalent of giving an author of a website remote code execution (RCE) on your computer.I get the idea that you can download the script first and carefully read it, but I think that 99% of people won&#x27;t.

LLVM IR is quite fun to play with from many programming languages. The Java example is rather educational, but there are several practical example,s such as in Go Lang:<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;llir&#x2F;llvm" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;llir&#x2F;llvm</a>

Since it seems like you work on Java, would you mind taking a look at <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;bugs.java.com&#x2F;bugdatabase&#x2F;view_bug?bug_id=JDK-8366730" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;bugs.java.com&#x2F;bugdatabase&#x2F;view_bug?bug_id=JDK-836673...</a>, where this syntax does not work for shebangs?

Not a java developer but why the void? Shouldn&#x27;t your main function and program return an integer?

Thanks, I made a note to update that someday.

Nice, but as of JDK 25 (the preview JEP 445 has become the permanent JEP 512), the canonical Hello World in Java is:<pre><code> void main() {
 IO.println(&quot;Hello World&quot;);
 }</code></pre>

This is super cool! Now someone should make a similar poster with Hello World sent to a serial port.Bonus points if it is a RS485 port.Some language that seem to look good might show their true ugly face...

You just have to read his blog, it is short and he answered everything.&gt; he used python and xelatex&gt; <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;ttmc&#x2F;hello-world-ways" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;ttmc&#x2F;hello-world-ways</a>

Cool poster! If you don&#x27;t mind me asking, would you share what tools you use to create this poster? You&#x27;ve got syntax highlighting going on there too. What did you use for that?

Objective-C is basically Java so I wouldn’t call it that weird.

Objective C is by far the weirdest on that list.

I made a poster showing how one might write a Hello World program in 39 different programming languages, and even different versions of some common languages like Java:<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;troymcconaghy.blog&#x2F;2025&#x2F;01&#x2F;13&#x2F;39-hello-world-programs&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;troymcconaghy.blog&#x2F;2025&#x2F;01&#x2F;13&#x2F;39-hello-world-program...</a>

BTW: We (the GraalVM team) maintain a full-blown LLVM bitcode runtime that can be embedded in Spring or any other JVM application and compiled to native: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;oracle&#x2F;graal&#x2F;tree&#x2F;master&#x2F;sulong" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;oracle&#x2F;graal&#x2F;tree&#x2F;master&#x2F;sulong</a>

This article specifically discusses calling external C ABI libraries via the FFM API.GraalVM is for compiling JVM bytecode to native, architecture-specific binaries.FFM is like &quot;[DllImport]&quot; in .NET, or &quot;extern&quot; definitions in other languages.The article shows how to auto-generate JVM bindings from C headers, and then allocate managed memory + interact with externally linked libs via the FFM API passing along said managed memory.

ant, buldr, gradle and maven - are build toolswe&#x27;re talking about native code here

people still use make for things. how many stand-alone utilities require npm?i don&#x27;t know graalvm, but I&#x27;ve used too much ant, buldr, gradle and maven. I&#x27;m not really convinced Graal VM would make anything better just because you are more familiar with it.The author even says to just use what you like because that part doesn&#x27;t matter.

Wondering the benefits and how is this different from using GraalVM to build native images?For eg. we could use Spring + Graal VM and get the application into native binaries without worrying too much about the low level stuff.What are we missing?

Self plug, I put together this reference&#x2F;example before+after (high and corresponding intermediate&#x2F;low level) example gallery for for a couple languages: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;andrewbaxter.github.io&#x2F;semicompiled&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;andrewbaxter.github.io&#x2F;semicompiled&#x2F;</a> <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;andrewbaxter&#x2F;semicompiled?tab=readme-ov-file" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;andrewbaxter&#x2F;semicompiled?tab=readme-ov-f...</a>I was using it while dabbling on compiler stuff, it was useful to have a set of concise compilation examples. I haven&#x27;t touched it much lately, unfortunately, and I added the eBPF because the target was there but had no way to validate it (standalone eBPF validator where?) so I think it&#x27;s probably somewhat wrong... or invalid at least, maybe that&#x27;s a separate concern for people who would want this.

Nice read up of the new FFM API.Recently saw a new FFM-based zero-copy transport and RPC framework using io_uring at <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.mvp.express&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.mvp.express&#x2F;</a>An interesting time to be in the Java&#x2F;JVM ecosystem, meanwhile, back to my Spring Boot app...tho least we&#x27;re on Java 25

LLVM is such an amazing piece of software, the amount of uses for it are unlimited especially when it comes to obfuscation. The IR is also really fun for compiling bytecode to native code since it&#x27;s pretty trivial to translate it into IR (opposite of what is done in this article)

This, lisp is perfect for representing arbitrary data, nesting is just another sexpr, easy to produce, easy to parse and easy to debug &#x2F; reason about

I can appreciate this answer, but I don&#x27;t think it&#x27;s really what I&#x27;m asking.I think I&#x27;m more looking for some kind of standardized struct definition that translates easily to llvm IR and is flexible enough for a wide variety of languages to target.Something like this: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;gist.github.com&#x2F;thomaswp&#x2F;8c8ef19bd5203ce8b6cd4d6df5e3db44" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;gist.github.com&#x2F;thomaswp&#x2F;8c8ef19bd5203ce8b6cd4d6df5e...</a> (Which doesn&#x27;t meet my criteria because AFAICT isn&#x27;t used by anything, but is reasonably close to what I want)
or this: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;docs.rs&#x2F;sap-ast&#x2F;latest&#x2F;src&#x2F;ast&#x2F;lib.rs.html#1-83" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;docs.rs&#x2F;sap-ast&#x2F;latest&#x2F;src&#x2F;ast&#x2F;lib.rs.html#1-83</a> (which seems specific to SAP, I would like something more general)

Ruff’s ast is used by Ruff, Ty, and Pyrefly

I&#x27;ve been playing with a very basic compiler for a language that looks a bit like go -&gt; llvm ir, but I&#x27;m finding myself constantly revising my AST implementation as I progressively add more things that it needs to represent. Is anyone aware of any kind of vaguely standardized AST implementation used by more than one project? I&#x27;ve been searching this morning for one and am coming up empty. My thinking is that if I can find some reasonably widely used implementation, then hopefully that implementation has thought out lots of the corner cases that I haven&#x27;t gotten to yet.

Ok. Let me ask differently. Why would I download and use LLVM for working with java code? Which usecases favor this?

Nothing wrong with it. Why would you assume the author is in anyway hinting that there&#x27;s something wrong with using the standard JDK for Java code?

What&#x27;s wrong with using the standard JDK for Java code?

Java Hello World, LLVM Edition

Turtletoy

Emacs is my new window manager

Damn Small Linux

I failed to recreate the 1996 Space Jam website with Claude

Bag of words, have mercy on us

Dollar-stores overcharge customers while promising low prices

Mechanical power generation using Earth's ambient radiation

PDF: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.stroustrup.com&#x2F;JSF-AV-rules.pdf" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.stroustrup.com&#x2F;JSF-AV-rules.pdf</a>

The C++ standard for the F-35 Fighter Jet [video]

Google Titans architecture, helping AI have long-term memory

Work disincentives hit the near-poor hardest (2022)

Uninitialized garbage on ia64 can be deadly (2004)

An Interactive Guide to the Fourier Transform

Solving Rush Hour, the Puzzle (2018)

The Anatomy of a macOS App

<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.is&#x2F;jEJAj" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.is&#x2F;jEJAj</a>